Alloys are combinations of metals, but technically speaking only require one of the elements to be a metal (like iron).
- Bronze – mostly copper and some tin
- Steel – mostly iron with carbon incorporated in it
- Pewter – mostly tin with a bit of lead ( now tin, copper, antimony)
Effects of Alloy Additions
| Fatigue Resistance | Hardness | Hardenability | Strength | Toughness | Wear Resistance | Corrosion Resistance |
| Carbon | | X | X | X | | X | |
| Chromium | | | X | | | X | X |
| Manganese | | | X | X | | X | |
| Nickel | X | | | X | X | | |
| Silicon | | | | X | | | |
| Vanadium | | | X | | | | |
| Tungsten | | X | | X | X | | |
Steel Alloys
| Steel Type | Number | Example |
| Plain Carbon Steels | 10XX | 1095 |
| Manganese Steels | 13XX | 1350 |
| Nickel Steels | 2XXX | 2340 |
| Nickel Chromium Steels | 3XXX | 3150 |
| Molybdenum Steels | 4XXX | 4140 |
| Chromium Steels | 5XXX | 50100-B |
| Low Chromium | 51XX | 5160 |
| Medium Chromium | 52XX | 52100 |
| Chromium Vanadium Steels | 6XXX | 6150 |
| Silicon Manganese Steels | 9XXX | 9160 |
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